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  • 1 начальное владение

    Русско-английский словарь по патентам и товарным знакам > начальное владение

  • 2 начальное владение

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > начальное владение

  • 3 Rechnung

    Rechnung f (Rechn.) 1. COMP calculation; 2. GEN invoice, inv., account, (BE) bill, (AE) check; 3. COMP, KOMM invoice, INVOIC (Nachrichtentyp im EDIFACT) • auf eigene Rechnung BÖRSE, BANK, GEN for one’s own account (cf Eigenhandel = proprietary trading = prop trading = trading on an own-account basis, own-account trading) • auf Rechnung V&M on account • auf Rechnung von BANK, GEN account of, a/o • die Rechnung (be)zahlen 1. GEN (infrml) pick up the tab; 2. GEN pay the bill • für Rechnung von BANK, GEN account of, a/o • in die Rechnung einbeziehen GEN take into account • in Rechnung stellen GEN charge, invoice • seine eigene Rechnung aufstellen GEN set up on one’s own account
    * * *
    f 1. < Comp> calculation; 2. < Geschäft> (Rechn.) invoice (inv.), account, bill (BE), check (AE) ■ auf Rechnung <V&M> on account ■ auf Rechnung von <Bank, Geschäft> account of (a/o) ■ die Rechnung (be)zahlen < Geschäft> pick up the tab infrml < Geschäft> pay the bill ■ für Rechnung von <Bank, Geschäft> account of (a/o) ■ in die Rechnung einbeziehen < Geschäft> take into account ■ in Rechnung stellen < Geschäft> charge, invoice ■ seine eigene Rechnung aufstellen < Geschäft> set up on one's own account
    * * *
    Rechnung
    account, note, tally, (Beleg) voucher, (Berechnung) calculation, reckoning, count, (Waren) invoice, (Zeche) reckoning, bill, check (US), score;
    • auf Rechnung on account, to be carried;
    • auf alte Rechnung on former account;
    • auf eigene Rechnung for one’s own account;
    • auf eigene Rechnung und Gefahr at one’s own risk, at owner’s risk;
    • auf feste Rechnung at a fixed price;
    • auf gemeinsame (gemeinschaftliche) Rechnung at common cost, on (for) joint account;
    • auf Ihre Rechnung und Gefahr for your account and risk;
    • auf laufende Rechnung on current account;
    • auf neue Rechnung on new account;
    • auf neue Rechnung vorgetragen carried forward to new account;
    • für fremde Rechnung for foreign (third) account, for account of a third party;
    • für gemeinsame Rechnung for common account;
    • gemäß beigefügter Rechnung as per invoice enclosed;
    • im Auftrag und für Rechnung von by order and for account of;
    • in Rechnung gestellt billed;
    • laut Rechnung as per note;
    • laut ausgestellter Rechnung as per account [rendered];
    • laut beiliegender Rechnung as indicated in enclosed invoice;
    • laut umstehender Rechnung as per invoice on the other side, as per note behind;
    • nach meiner Rechnung according to my calculation;
    • zum Ausgleich unserer Rechnung in full discharge of our accounts;
    • abgeänderte Rechnung amended invoice;
    • nicht abgeschlossene Rechnung unsettled account;
    • alleinige Rechnung sole account;
    • alte Rechnung (fig.) score;
    • ausgestellte Rechnung account rendered;
    • ausstehende Rechnungen (Bilanz) accounts receivable (US), (nicht bezahlte) accounts payable (US);
    • im Rückstand befindliche Rechnung account in arrears;
    • beglaubigte Rechnung certified invoice;
    • beglichene Rechnung settled account;
    • nicht beitreibbare (einziehbare) Rechnung uncollectable account;
    • berichtigte Rechnung corrected invoice;
    • bezahlte Rechnungen paid bills, clear accounts;
    • detaillierte Rechnung specified (itemized) account;
    • einlaufende Rechnungen inward invoices;
    • endgültige Rechnung final invoice;
    • erledigte Rechnung settled account;
    • längst fällige Rechnung past-due account;
    • falsche Rechnung (Kalkulation) misreckoning;
    • fingierte Rechnung simulated (pro-forma) account;
    • formale Rechnung ordinary bill;
    • fremde Rechnung third-party account;
    • frisierte Rechnung doctored account;
    • gemeinsame Rechnung joint account, half share;
    • gepfefferte (gesalzene) Rechnung stiff (swingeing, fam.) bill, salt (salty, salted) account (sl.);
    • getrennte Rechnung Dutch treat, separate bill;
    • große (hohe) Rechnung long bill;
    • laufende Rechnung current (continuing, running, open [book], US) account;
    • monatliche Rechnung monthly account;
    • nachdatierte Rechnung postdated invoice;
    • offene (offen stehende) Rechnung outstanding (running, unsettled, current, open, US) account;
    • quittierte Rechnung accountable receipt, receipted bill;
    • regulierte Rechnung settled account;
    • saftige Rechnung hefty bill;
    • spezifizierte Rechnung minute (itemized, detailed, stated, elaborate) account, bill of parcels;
    • tägliche Rechnung current account;
    • überfällige Rechnung bill overdue;
    • total überhöhte Rechnung exorbitant bill;
    • unbeglichene (unbezahlte) Rechnungen outstandings, back bills;
    • unerledigte Rechnungen unsettled (unpaid) bills;
    • ungebuchte Rechnung unvouchered invoice;
    • ungefähre Rechnung approximate calculation;
    • vereinfachte Rechnung short-cut computation;
    • vordatierte Rechnung antedated invoice;
    • vorgelegte Rechnung account rendered;
    • vorläufige Rechnung provisional invoice;
    • in Pfund zahlbare Rechnung sterling invoice;
    • quittierte Rechnungen in doppelter Ausfertigung duplicate receipted bills;
    • Rechnungen ablegen to file invoices;
    • Rechnung abschließen to close the books, to settle (wind up) an account;
    • für eigene Rechnung abschließen to trade for own account;
    • Rechnungen abzeichnen to initial accounts;
    • Rechnung addieren to reckon up a bill;
    • Rechnung anfechten to debate an account;
    • auf eigene Rechnung arbeiten to go (be in business) for o. s., to work on one’s own;
    • gepfefferte Rechnung aufmachen to salt an account;
    • Rechnung aufsetzen (ausfertigen) to make out a bill;
    • Rechnung ausgleichen to settle (balance) an account, to strike a balance;
    • alte Rechnungen völlig ausgleichen to wipe off old scores;
    • Rechnung ausstellen (ausschreiben) to [make out an] invoice (an account), to prepare an invoice, to [make out a] bill;
    • Rechnungen bearbeiten to handle invoices;
    • Rechnung in Ordnung befinden to pass an account;
    • Rechnung begleichen to pay the reckoning, to settle (balance) an account, to settle (meet, take up, foot, US) a bill;
    • jds. Rechnung begleichen to put paid to s. one’s account (fam.);
    • seine Rechnung begleichen to settle one’s bill;
    • Rechnung pünktlich begleichen to settle an account on time;
    • für eigene Rechnung behalten to keep for one’s own account;
    • Rechnung belasten to debit an account;
    • mit Rechnungen belegen to verify by invoices;
    • Rechnung durch Nachrechnen berichtigen to correct an account;
    • auf Rechnung bestellen to order against invoice;
    • auf eigene Rechnung betreiben to operate on one’s own account;
    • Rechnung bezahlen to clear (pay) an account, to foot (tab) a bill (US);
    • auf neue Rechnung bringen to place to new account;
    • Rechnungen in Übereinstimmung bringen to agree accounts;
    • Rechnung durchgehen (durchsehen) to go (look) over an account, to look through a bill;
    • in einem Geschäft auf Rechnung einkaufen to run an account with a shop;
    • Rechnung nicht einlösen to leave a bill unpaid;
    • alte Rechnungen erledigen to wipe off accounts;
    • für neue Rechnung erkennen to carry forward to new account;
    • Rechnung erteilen to render account;
    • Rechnung führen to keep accounts;
    • Arbeit auf feste Rechnung geben to job;
    • Rechnung genehmigen (gutheißen) to pass an account (invoice);
    • getrennte Rechnung haben to keep separate accounts, to pay one’s own way;
    • dem Gericht Rechnung zu legen haben to be responsible to the court;
    • für fremde Rechnung handeln to act on behalf of a third party;
    • ausstehende Rechnungen hereinbekommen to get in bills;
    • Rechnung unter einem Stoß von Briefen hervorziehen to root out a bill from under a pile of letters;
    • Rechnung hochschrauben to pile up the costs;
    • auf Rechnung kaufen to purchase on account, to buy on credit, to run up a score;
    • auf fremde Rechnung kaufen to buy for third account;
    • auf zukünftige Rechnung kaufen to take on future account;
    • auf seine Rechnung kommen to get one’s money’s worth;
    • Rechnung anwachsen lassen to run up a score (bill);
    • Rechnung auflaufen lassen to chalk it up;
    • Rechnung für j. fertig machen to get s. one’s bill ready;
    • Rechnung ungültig machen to cancel an invoice;
    • Rechnung nachrechnen to pass an account;
    • Rechnung nachsehen (prüfen) to audit (verify, examine) an account, to check a bill;
    • Rechnung quittieren to receipt a bill;
    • Rechnung saldieren to balance an account;
    • jem. eine Rechnung schicken to bill s. o.;
    • Rechnung schließen to close the books, to settle an account;
    • Rechnung schreiben to [make out an] invoice;
    • auf Rechnung schreiben to debit an account;
    • jem. eine Rechnung schreiben to bill s.o.;
    • auf die Rechnung setzen to charge on the bill, to enter in the invoice, to score;
    • auf jds. Rechnung setzen to set down to s. one’s account;
    • auf neue Rechnung setzen to charge (place) to new account;
    • Rechnung spezifizieren to state an account, to itemize a bill (US), to extend an invoice;
    • auf einer Rechnung stehen to appear in an account;
    • in laufender Rechnung stehen to have a current (running, open, US) account;
    • in Rechnung stellen to bill, to charge, to invoice, (Konto belasten) to debit, to pass (carry, place, put) to account;
    • etw. zu hoch in Rechnung stellen to overcharge on an account;
    • zu niedrig in Rechnung stellen to undercharge;
    • dem Kunden Portogebühren in Rechnung stellen to charge the postage to the customer;
    • sich mit jem. die Rechnung teilen to stand in with s. o.;
    • Rechnung überfliegen to run through an account;
    • ausstehende Rechnung einem Anwalt übergeben to place an account with an attorney;
    • Arbeit auf feste Rechnung übernehmen to job;
    • Rechnungen überprüfen to check invoices, to audit accounts;
    • auf neue Rechnung übertragen to carry forward to new account;
    • [den Zahlungseingang von] Rechnungen überwachen to follow up invoices;
    • für jds. Rechnung 10 $ überweisen to remit $ 10 for s. one’s account;
    • auf Rechnung verkaufen to sell for the account of;
    • spezifizierte Rechnung verlangen to demand an itemized bill;
    • Rechnungen verschicken to send out accounts;
    • Rechnung vorlegen to present an account, to send in one’s bill;
    • auf neue Rechnung vortragen to bring (carry forward, place) to new account;
    • vom Liefertermin ab in Rechnung gestellt werden to be reckoned from the date of delivery;
    • für fremde Rechnung tätig werden to act in s. one’s interest;
    • Rechnung als unrichtig zurückweisen to disallow an account.

    Business german-english dictionary > Rechnung

  • 4 पूर्व _pūrva

    पूर्व a. (Declined like a pronoun when it implies relative position in time or space, but optionally so in nom. pl.; and abl. and loc. sing.)
    1 Being in front of, first, foremost.
    -2 Eastern, easterly, to the east of; ग्रामात् पर्वतः पूर्वः Sk.; पूर्वापरौ तोयनिधी वगाह्य Ku.1.1.
    -3 Previous to, earlier than; ब्राह्मणे साहसः पूर्वः Ms.8.276.
    -4 Old, ancient; पूर्वसूरिभिः R.1.4; इदं कविभ्यः पूर्वेभ्यो नमोवाकं प्रशास्महे U.1.1.
    -5 Former, previous, anterior, prior, antecedent (opp. उत्तर); in this sense often at the end of comp. and translated by 'formerly.' or 'before'; श्रुतपूर्व &c.; व्यतीता या निशा पूर्वा पौराणां हर्षवर्धिनी Rām.7.37.1.
    -6 Aforesaid, before-mentioned.
    -7 Initial.
    -8 Established, customary, of long standing
    -9 Early, prime, पूर्वे वयसि Pt.1.165 'in early age or prime of life.
    -1 Elder (ज्येष्ठ); रामः पूर्वो हि नो भ्राता भविष्यति महीपतिः Rām.2.79.8.
    -11 (At the end of comp.) Preceded by, accompanied by, attended with; संबन्धमा भाषणपूर्वमाहुः R.2.58; पुण्यः शब्दो मुनिरिति मुहुः केवलं राजपूर्वः Ś2.17; तान् स्मितपूर्वमाह Ku.7.47; बहुमानपूर्वया 5.31; दशपूर्वरथं यमाख्यया दशकण्ठारिगुरुं विदुर्बुधाः R.8.29; so मतिपूर्वम् Ms.11.147 'intentionally', 'knowingly'; 12.89; अबोधपूर्वम् 'unconsciously', Ś.5.2. &c.
    -र्वः An ancestor, a forefather; पूर्वैः किलायं परिवर्धितो नः R.13.3; पयः पूर्वैः सनिश्वासैः कवोष्णमुपभुज्यते 1.67;5.14; अनुकारिणि पूर्वेषां युक्तरूपमिदं त्वयि Ś.2.17.
    -र्वम् The fore- part; अनवरतधनुर्ज्यास्फालनक्रूरपूर्वम् (गात्रम्) Ś.2.4.
    -र्वा 1 The east
    -2 N. of a country to the east of Madhya- deśa.
    -र्वम् ind.
    1 Before (with abl.); मासात् पूर्वम्.
    -2 Formerly, previously, at first, antecedently, before- hand; तं पूर्वमभिवादयेत् Ms.2.117;3.94;8.25;; R. 12.35; प्रणिपातपूर्वम् K; भूतपूर्वखरालयम् U.2.17 'which formerly was the abode', &c.; समयपूर्वम् Ś.5. 'after a formal agreement.'
    -3 Immemorially. (पूर्वेण 'in front', 'before', 'to the east of', with gen. or acc.; अद्य पूर्वम् 'till-now', 'hitherto';
    पूर्वः -ततः -पश्चात् -उपरि 'first- then, first-afterwards', 'previously, subsequently',
    पूर्वम् -अधुना or
    -अद्य 'formerly-now.'
    -Comp. -अग्निः the sacred fire kept in the house (आवसथ्य).
    -अङ्गः the first day in the civil month.
    -अचलः, -अद्रिः the eastern mountain behind which the sun and moon are supposed to rise.
    -अधिकारिन् m. the first occu- pant, a prior owner.
    -अन्तः the end of a preceding word.
    1 eastern and western; कतमो$यं पूर्वापर- समुद्रावगाढः सानुमानालोक्यते Ś.7; पूर्वापरौ तोयनिधी वगाह्य Ku. 1.1.
    -2 first and last.
    -3 prior and subsequent, pre- ceding and following.
    -4 connected with another.
    (-रम्) 1 what is before and behind.
    -2 connection; न च पूर्वापरं विद्यात् Ms.8.56.
    -3 the proof and the thing to be proved. ˚विरोधः inconsistency, incongruity.
    -अभि- मुख a. turned towards or facing the east.
    -अभ्यासः former practice or experience.
    -अम्बुधिः the eastern ocean.
    -अर्जित a. attained by former works. (
    -तम्) ancestral property.
    -अर्धः, -र्धम् 1 the first half; दिनस्य पूर्वार्धपरार्धभिन्ना छायेव मैत्री खलसज्जनानाम् Bh.2.6; समाप्तं पूर्वार्धम् &c.
    -2 the upper part (of the body); शकुन्तला पूर्वार्धेन शयनादुत्थाय Ś.3; R.16.6.
    -3 the first half of a hemistich.
    -अवसायिन् a. what occurs first or earlier; पूर्वावसायिनश्च बलीयांसो जघन्यावसायिभ्यः ŚB. on MS.12.2.34.
    -अह्णः the earlier part of the day, forenoon; Ms.4. 96,152. श्वः कार्यमद्य कुर्वीत पूर्वाह्णे चापराह्णिकम् (पूर्वाह्णतन, पूर्वा- ह्णिकः, पूर्वाह्णेतन a. relating to the forenoon).
    -आवेदकः a plaintiff.
    -आषाढा N. of the 2th lunar mansion con- sisting of two stars.
    - इतर a. western.
    -उक्त, -उदित a. beforementioned, aforesaid,
    -उत्तर a. north-eastern. (
    -रा) the north-east. (
    -रे dual) the preceding and following, antecedent and subsequent.
    -कर्मन् n.
    1 a former act or work.
    -2 the first thing to be done, a prior work.
    -3 actions done in a former life.
    -4 preparations, preliminary arrangements.
    -कल्पः former times.
    -कायः 1 the fore-part of the body of animals; पश्चार्धेन प्रविष्टः शरपतनभयाद् भूयसा पूर्वकायम् Ś.1.7.
    -2 the upper part of the body of men; स्पृशन् करेणानतपूर्वकायम् R.5.32; पर्यङ्कबन्धस्थिरपूर्वकायम् Ku.3.45.
    -काल a. belonging to ancient times. (
    -लः) former or ancient times.
    -कालिक, -कालीन a. ancient.
    -काष्ठा the east, eastern quarter.
    -कृत a. previously done. (
    -तम्) an act done in a former life.
    -कोटिः f. the starting point of a debate, the first statement or पूर्वपक्ष q. v.
    -क्रिया preparation.
    -गा N. of the river Godāvarī.
    -गङ्गा N. of the river Narmadā; रेवेन्दुजा पूर्वगङ्गा नर्मदा मेकलीद्रिजा Abh. Chin.183.
    -चोदित a.
    1 aforesaid, above-men- tioned.
    -2 previously stated or advanced (as an objec- tion.
    -ज a.
    1 born or produced before or formerly, first-produced, first-born; यमयोः पूर्वजः पार्थः Mb.3.141. 11.
    -2 ancient, old.
    -3 eastern.
    (-जः) 1 an elder brother; अपहाय महीशमार्चिचत् सदसि त्वां ननु भामपूर्वजः; Śi. 16.44; R.15.36.
    -2 the son of the elder wife.
    -3 an ancestor, a forefather; स पूर्वजानां कपिलेन रोषात् R.16.34.
    -4 (pl.) the progenitors of mankind.
    -5 the manes living in the world of the moon. (
    -जा) an elder sister.
    -जन्मन् n. a former birth. (-m.) an elder brother; स लक्ष्मणं लक्ष्मणपूर्वजन्मा (विलोक्य) R.14.44.;15.95.
    -जातिः f. a former birth.
    -ज्ञानम् knowledge of a former life.
    -तापनीयम् N. of the first half of नृसिंहतापनीयोपनिषद्.
    -दक्षिण a. south-eastern. (
    -णा) the south-east.
    -दिक्पतिः Indra, the regent of the east.
    -दिनम् the forenoon.
    -दिश् f. the east.
    -दिश्य a. situated towards the east, eastern.
    -दिष्टम् the award of destiny.
    -दृष्ट a.
    1 primæval.
    -2 declared by the ancients; यथा ब्राह्मण- चाण्डालः पूर्वदृष्टस्तथैव सः Ms.9.87.
    -देवः 1 an ancient deity.
    -2 a demon or Asura; भूमिदेवनरदेवसंगमे पूर्वदेवरिपुरर्हणां हरिः Śi.14.58.
    -3 a progenitor (पितृ).
    -4 (du.) an epithet of Nara-Nārāyaṇa; सव्यसाचिन् महाबाहो पूर्वदेव सनातन Mb.3. 41.35. (com. पूर्वदेव नरनारायणसख).
    -देवता a progenitor (पितृ) of gods or of men; अक्रोधनाः शौचपराः सततं ब्रह्म- चारिणः । न्यस्तशस्त्रा महाभागाः पितरः पूर्वदेवताः ॥ Ms.3.192.
    -देशः the eastern country, or the eastern part of India.
    -द्वार a. favourable in the eastern region.
    -निपातः the irregular priority of a word in a compound; cf. परनिपात.
    -निमित्त an omen.
    -निविष्ट a. made formerly, in past; यस्तु पूर्वनिविष्टस्य तडागस्योदकं हरेत् Ms.9.281.
    -पक्षः 1 the fore-part or side.
    -2 the first half of a lunar month; सर्वं पूर्वपक्षापरपक्षाभ्यामभिपन्नम् Bṛi. Up.3.1.5.
    -3 the first part of an argument, the prima facie argument or view of a question; विषयो विशयश्चैव पूर्वपक्षस्तथोत्तरम्.
    -4 the first objection to an argument.
    -5 the statement of the plaintiff.
    -6 a suit at law.
    -7 an assertion, a proposi- tion. ˚पादः the plaint, the first stage of a legal proceeding.
    -पदम् the first member of a compound or sentence.
    -पर्वतः the eastern mountain behind which the sun is supposed to rise.
    -पश्चात्, -पश्चिम ind. from the east to the west.
    -पाञ्चालक a. belonging to the eastern Pañch- ālas.
    -पाणिनीयाः m. (pl.) the disciples of Pāṇini living in the east.
    -पालिन् m. an epithet of Indra.
    -पितामहः a forefather, an ancestor; अब्रवीद् हि स मां क्रुद्धस्तव पूर्वपितामहः । मूत्रश्लेष्माशनः पाप निरयं प्रतिपत्स्यसे ॥ Mb.12.3.21.
    -पीठिका introduction.
    -पुरुषः 1 an epithet of Brahmā.
    -2 anyone of the first three ancestors, beginning with the father (पितृ, पितामह, and प्रपितामह); Pt.1.89.
    -3 an ancestor in general.
    -पूर्व a. each preceding one. (
    -र्वाः) m. (pl.) forefathers.
    -प्रोष्ठपदा = पूर्वभाद्रपदा; Mb.13.89.13.
    -फल्गुनी the eleventh lunar mansion containing two stars. ˚भवः an epithet of the planet Jupiter.
    -बन्धुः first or best friend; Mk.
    -भवः a former life.
    -भागः 1 the forepart.
    -2 the upper part.
    -भा(भ)द्रपदा the twentyfifth lunar mansion containing two stars.
    -भावः 1 priority.
    -2 prior or antecedent existence; येन सहैव यस्य यं प्रति पूर्वभावो$वगम्यते Tarka K.
    -3 (Rhet.) disclosing an intention.
    -भाषिन् a. willing to speak first; hence polite, courteous.
    -भुक्तिः f. prior occupation or possession; Ms.8.252.
    -भूत a. preceding, previous.
    -मध्याह्नः the forenoon.
    -मारिन् a. dying before; एवंवृत्तां सवर्णां स्त्रीं द्विजातिः पूर्वमारिणीम् (दाहयेत्) Ms.5.167.
    -मीमांसा 'the prior or first Mīmāṁsā', an inquiry into the first or ritual portion of the Veda, as opposed to the उत्तरमीमांसा or वेदान्त; see मीमांसा.
    -मुख a. having the face turned towards the east.
    -याम्य a. south-eastern.
    -रङ्गः the commencement or prelude of a drama, the prologue; यन्नाठ्यवस्तुनः पूर्वं रङ्गविघ्नोपशान्तये । कुशीलवाः प्रकुर्वन्ति पूर्वरङ्गः स उच्यते ॥ D. R; पूर्वरङ्गं विधायैव सूत्रधारो निवर्तते S. D.283; पूर्वरङ्गः प्रसंगाय नाटकीयस्य वस्तुनः Śi.2.8. (see Malli. there- on).
    -रागः the dawning or incipient love, love between two persons which springs (from some previous cause) before their meeting; श्रवणाद् दर्शनाद् वापि मिथः संरूढरागयोः । दशाविशेषोयो$प्राप्तौ पूर्वरागः स उच्यते ॥ S. D.214.
    -रात्रः the first part of the night (from dusk to midnight).
    -रूपम् 1 indication of an approaching change; an omen.
    -2 a symptom of occuring disease.
    -3 the first of two con- current vowels or consonants that is retained.
    -4 (in Rhet.) a figure of speech which consists in describing anything as suddenly resuming its former state.
    -लक्षणम् a symptom of coming sickness.
    -वयस् a. young. (-n.) youth.
    -वर्तिन् a. existing before, prior, previous.
    -वाक्यम् (in dram.) an allusion to former utterance.
    -वादः the first plea or commencement of an action at law; पूर्ववादं परित्यज्य यो$न्यमालम्बते पुनः । पदसंक्रमणाद् ज्ञेयो हीनवादी स वै नरः ॥ Mitā.
    -वादिन् m. the complainant or plaintiff.
    -विद् a. knowing the events of the past; historian; पृथोरपीमां पृथिवीं भार्यां पूर्वविदो विदुः Ms.9.44.
    -विप्रतिषेधः the conflict of two statements contrary to each other.
    -विहित a. deposited before.
    -वृत्तम् 1 a former event; पूर्ववृत्तकथितैः पुराविदः सानुजः पितृ- सखस्य राघवः (अह्यमानः) R.11.1.
    -2 previous conduct.
    -वैरिन् a. one who first commences hostilities, an ag- gressor.
    -शारद a. relating to the first half of autumn.
    -शैलः see पूर्वपर्वत.
    -सक्थम् the upper part of the thigh. P. V.4.98.
    -संचित a. gathered before (as in former birth); त्यजेदाश्वयुजे मासि मुन्यन्नं पूर्वसंचितम् Ms.6.15.
    -सन्ध्या daybreak, dawn; रजनिमचिरजाता पूर्वसंध्या सुतैव (अनुपतति) Si.11.4.
    -सर a. going in front.
    -सागरः the eastern ocean; स सेनां महतीं कर्षन् पूर्वसागरगामिनीम् R.4.32.
    -साहसः the first of the three fines; स दाप्यः पूर्वसाहसम् Ms.9.281.
    -स्थितिः f. former or first state.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > पूर्व _pūrva

  • 5 Houldsworth, Henry

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    b. 1797 Manchester (?), England
    d. 1868 Manchester (?), England
    [br]
    English cotton spinner who introduced the differential gear to roving frames in Britain.
    [br]
    There are two claimants for the person who originated the differential gear as applied to roving frames: one is J.Green, a tinsmith of Mansfield, in his patent of 1823; the other is Arnold, who had applied it in America and patented it in early 1823. This latter was the source for Houldsworth's patent in 1826. It seems that Arnold's gearing was secretly communicated to Houldsworth by Charles Richmond, possibly when Houldsworth visited the United States in 1822–3, but more probably in 1825 when Richmond went to England. In return, Richmond received information about parts of a cylinder printing machine from Houldsworth. In the working of the roving frame, as the rovings were wound onto their bobbins and the diameter of the bobbins increased, the bobbin speed had to be reduced to keep the winding on at the same speed while the flyers and drawing rollers had to maintain their initial speed. Although this could be achieved by moving the driving belt along coned pulleys, this method did not provide enough power and slippage occurred. The differential gear combined the direct drive from the main shaft of the roving frame with that from the cone drive, so that only the latter provided the dif-ference between flyer and bobbin speeds, i.e. the winding speeds, thus taking away most of the power from that belt. Henry Houldsworth Senior (1774–1853) was living in Manchester when his son Henry was born, but by 1800 had moved to Glasgow. He built several mills, including a massive one at Anderston, Scotland, in which a Boulton \& Watt steam engine was installed. Henry Houldsworth Junior was probably back in Manchester by 1826, where he was to become an influential cotton spinner as chief partner in his mills, which he moved out to Reddish in 1863–5. He was also a prominent landowner in Cheetham. When William Fairbairn was considering establishing the Association for the Prevention of Steam Boiler Explosions in 1854, he wanted to find an influential manufacturer and mill-owner and he made a happy choice when he turned to Henry Houldsworth for assistance.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1826, British patent no. 5,316 (differential gear for roving frames).
    Further Reading
    Details about Henry Houldsworth Junior are very sparse. The best account of his acquisition of the differential gear is given by D.J.Jeremy, 1981, Transatlantic Industrial Revolution. The Diffusion of Textile Technologies Between Britain and America, 1790–1830, Oxford.
    W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London (an explanation of the mechanisms of the roving frame).
    W.Pole, 1877, The Life of Sir William Fairbairn, Bart., London (provides an account of the beginning of the Manchester Steam Users' Association for the Prevention of Steam-boiler Explosions).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Houldsworth, Henry

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